ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: This study was an endeavor undertaken to assess the biomass yield of the species that are native to a particular region characterized by saline soil, in the Irrigated Perimeter Curu-Pentecoste, in the municipality of Pentecoste-CE, corresponding to the qualities of moisture, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil. The experiment was conducted in six areas, with area 1, the one nearest to the collecting drain, the end having the highest salinity and area 6, the one furthest away from the collecting drain, the end with the lowest salinity. The factorial design with the 2 x 6 scheme was adopted, in which the first and second factors referred, respectively, to the seasons (drought and rain collection) and collection areas. In each area, eight permanent 5 x 5 m plots were demarcated, which included 8 repetitions per treatment. Within each permanent plot the quantity of forage was gathered within an area of 0.25 x 0.25 m. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm, and the EC, pH and soil moisture were determined. The phytomass was oven dried, after which the water content and yield were recorded. Three subsamples per area were burned in a muffle furnace to determine the percentage of ash content. The resultant high pH and EC values, typical of arid soils and related to the significantly low humidity, can cause harm to most of the crops cultivated in the Northeast of Brazil. However, the biomass yield was substantial, indicating that the species occurring there possessed adaptive mechanisms to enable them to tolerate the conditions of saline soil and water stresses prevalent there.
RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de biomassa vegetal de espécies presentes naturalmente em uma área com o solo salinizado no perímetro irrigado Curu-Pentecoste, no município de Pentecoste, CE, correlacionando com os atributos umidade, pH e condutividade elétrica (CE) do solo. O experimento foi realizado em 6 áreas, sendo a área 1 mais próxima do dreno coletor o extremo mais salinizado, e a área 6 mais distante do dreno coletor, o extremo menos salinizado. Utilizamos do delineamento fatorial no esquema 2 x 6, com primeiro fator referente às estações de coleta (seca e chuva), e o segundo relativo às áreas. Foram marcadas em cada uma das áreas 8 parcelas permanentes de 5 x 5m e em cada parcela permanente foram realizadas coletas da porção forrageira dentro de um quadrado de 0,25 x 0,25 m. Amostras de solo de 0-20 cm de profundidade foram coletadas para a obtenção da CE, do pH e da umidade do solo. A fitomassa foi secada em estufa, onde foram mensurados o seu conteúdo de água e biomassa seca. Três subamostras por área foram queimadas em mufla para a obtenção do seu conteúdo de cinzas. O pH e CE elevados do solo mostraram características típicas de solos de clima árido, que associados a uma significante diminuição da umidade desse, podem causar prejuízos na maioria dos cultivos no Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, o rendimento de biomassa foi elevado, o que demonstra que as espécies ali presentes possuem mecanismos adaptativos para tolerância aos estresses salino e hídrico.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aquaponics is a system that integrates aquaculture with plant production in which two species are benefited, and there is water saving. In this study was carried out with an aquaponic system to verify the interaction between the growth of the halophytes Batis maritime, Sarcocornia neei, and Sporobolus virginicus associated with white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei rearing. We also investigated if there were different responses of physicochemical variables of the water in the experimental shrimp culture ponds integrated into the growth of plants and control ponds, without plants, throughout a 56-day period. The treatment experiment and control presented a statistically significant difference in total dissolved solids, salinity, total suspended solids, ammonia, orthophosphate, and nitrite. In the experimental treatment, with the presence of plants and recirculating water, a reduction of total suspended solids, ammonia and orthophosphate was observed. The rate of shrimp production was not significantly different between treatments, and the performance was similar to that of other studies. The biomass gain of the halophyte B. maritima was 876.6 grams in 0.5 m² and of S. neei was 48.8 grams in 0.16 m². All plants of the species S. virginicus died during the experiment.